Vehicle and Component ARAI

India

Battery Operated Vehicle CMVR Type Approval
CMVR is the abbreviation of Central Motor Vehicles Rules. Its standard committee is called CMVR-TSC (CMVR-Technical Standing Committee) and belongs to the Indian Ship, Road Traffic and Highway Administration. Since 1991, the CMVR regulations stipulate that motor vehicles and their systems and components must be approved according to the CMVR regulations before entering the Indian market. The tests includes Safety, Emissions and the type approval process includes Factory Audit, Type Testing and Conformity of Production (CoP).

Technical requirements for approval of vehicles and components covered under CMVR are notified by Government of India from time to time. These notifications are issued by the relevant Notification Agencies in the form of gazette or S.O. notifications. These are available through the Government Publishers. The notifications specify the test standards and the time deadline for compliance. Some notifications also specify the passing limits.

Vehicle manufacturers must comply with the requirements that are applicable on the date of manufacture (or import, in case of imported vehicles). This compliance can be established though a Type Approval Certificate that is issued by the notified Test Agencies. Vehicle manufacturer is responsible for compliance to the updated norms as notified from time to time. Usually the notification specifies the lead time available for the manufacturers for compliance to specific requirement.

Conformity of Production (CoP) requirement is notified under Rule 115 for the vehicles manufactured or imported. This requirement pertains to emission testing at the moment. For this purpose, vehicle manufacturer must give annual production details to the type approval testing agency. The test agency carries out emission test on randomly selected vehicle / engine as per the CoP procedure.

The mandatory certification scope of the CMVR regulation includes: 2/3 Wheeler, Quadricycle, 4 Wheeler (M1, N1), LCV/HCV (M2, M3, N2, N3), Construction Equipment Vehicles (CEV), Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV),  Agricultural Tractor, Power Tiller, Trailer, Combined Harvester, Engine, CNG/LPG Vehicle, Battery Operated Vehicle (BOV), Diesel/Gasoline Generator.

The Indian CMVR regulations have a number of special regulations for the Battery Operated Vehicle. According to different vehicle types, additional electric vehicle regulations are required to be tested and certified in the whole vehicle type certification process.

In addition, the Indian government encourages the development of electric vehicles in India, subsidizes the technical research, manufacturing, development and sales activities of electric / hybrid vehicles and releases FAME India Phase II (Scheme for Faster Adoption and Manufacturing Of Electric Vehicles in India Phase II) on March 8, 2019.

The technical services provided by ATIC include CMVR regulatory consultation, vehicle and component testing and certification, factory audit, FAME II subsidy application and other one-stop services.
 
General Steps
Application
ATIC homologation experts will support manufactures to prepare technical documents and application documents, submit applications to notified Test Agencies in India
Testing
ATIC homologation experts will make a test plan and follow up testing in notified Test Agencies
Approval
After testing pass and all the documentation reviewed Test Agencies will issue reports and certificates
CoP
In most of the cases, an Initial Factory Audit will be conducted by Test Agencies' auditors, ATIC experts many join the audit for translation and technical support. For different products different CoP audit validity is applied.
Other Key Points
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Battery Operated Vehicle Requirements

Special type approval regulations for Battery Operated Vehicle (BOV), Low-Speed BOV, 
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV), Retro-Fitment of Hybrid Electric Kit (HEV), and E-Rickshaw / E-Cart
Vehicles
Battery Operated Vehicle (BOV) Test Items
Functional and Safety Tests
Measurement of Electric Energy Test
Range Test
Measurement of Max Power and 30 min Power
Safety Requirement of Traction Batteries

Scope: BOVs having power more than (or equal to) 250 W and having maximum speed more than (or equal to) 25 kmph are treated as Motor Vehicles. Such motor vehicles have to meet following requirements over and above the requirements specified under CMVR for that particular category of vehicle (i.e. 2/ 3/ 4 wheeler).
印度低速电动车认证
Low-Speed BOV Test Items
30 Minute Power
Maximum Speed

Scope: 2 Wheeled BOVs having power less than 250 W and having maximum speed less than 25 kmph are not considered as Motor Vehicles. Manufacturer should seek exemption from any one of the test agencies notified under Rule 126. Test Agency grants exemption after carrying out above tests
印度混合动力车认证
Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
Emission
Braking performance
Power test
Passing noise
Other special tests

Definition: HEV means a vehicle that for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on vehicle sources of stored energy / power; 
- a consumable fuel and
- an electrical energy / power storage device
Such vehicles have to meet AIS 102 (Part 1 and 2) requirements.
Components
Retro-Fitment of Hybrid Electric Kit (HEV) Test Items
Vehicle Weighing
Glide Test
Emission Test
Braking Performance
Passing Noise
Drive Motor Test
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Headlamp
Structural and Functional Safety
Rechargeable Energy Storage System Requirements (REESS)
Harness, Cable and Connector

Scope: AIS-123 lays down the requirements specific to vehicles retrofitted with Hybrid Electric System (HES) of M1, M2 and N1 category of vehicles, which 
i) Comply to BS-II or subsequent emission norms,
ii) Operate on either petrol or diesel fuel only,
iii) Have GVW not exceeding 3500 kg,
iv) Have not been retrofitted earlier or are not operating on any other alternate fuel.
India BOV CMVR Type Approval
E-Rickshaw / E-Cart Test Items
Photographs
CMVR Physical Verification
Vehicle Weighment
Maximum Speed
Vehicle Dimension Measurement
Tire
Brake
Retro-reflectors
Horn and Horn Installation
Vehicle Identification number Including Month and Year of Manufacture
Automobile Lamps (Bulbs)
Installation Requirements for Lighting & Light Signaling Devices
Performance Requirements for Lighting & Light-Signaling Devices
Structural and Functional Safety
Measurement of Max Power and 30 min Power
Wheel Rims
Hand Holds
Safety Requirement of Traction Batteries

Definition:
"E-rickshaw" means a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for transport of passengers for hire or reward, provided,
(i) such vehicle is constructed or adapted to carry not more than four passengers, excluding the driver, and not more than forty kilograms luggage in total;
(ii) the net power of its motor is not more than 2000 W;
(iii) the maximum speed of the vehicle is not more than twenty-five kilometer per hour;
"E-cart" means a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for carrying goods for hire or reward, provided,
(i) such vehicle is constructed or adapted for carrying goods by providing a separate load body or compartment with the maximum weight three hundred and ten kilograms in addition to driver; 
(ii) the net power of its motor is not more than 2000 W;
(iii) the maximum speed of the vehicle is not more than twenty-five kilometer per hour;
CMVR Technical Requirements
摩托车AIS
L1 Category - A two-wheeler with maximum speed not exceeding 45 km/h and engine capacity not exceeding 50 cc if fitted with a thermic engine or motor power not exceeding 0.5 kW if fitted with electric motor
L2 Category - A two wheeler other than L1 category
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
排放(I型、II型和III型)
Mass Emission Test  (Type I, II & III)
115 (19)(i)
2
蒸发排放(IV型)
Evaporative Emission (Type IV)
115 (19)(i)
3
OBD Stage I (BS - VI)
OBD Stage I (BS - VI)
115 (19)(i)
4
OBD Stage II (BS - VI)
OBD Stage II (BS - VI)
115 (19)(i)
5
电能消耗
Measurement of Electrical Energy
Consumption
124 (1)(27)
6
里程Method of Measuring the Range124 (1)(28)
7
净功率和30分钟最大功率Measurement of Net Power and
Maximum 30 Minute Power
124 (1)(29)
8
FTP测试FTP test-
9
照片存档
Photographs
-
10
车重
Vehicle Weighment
95
11
CMVR检查项
CMVR  Physical Verification
93 to 125
12
制动
Brake test
96 (2), (3), (4)(i)(b), 7(c), & (8)
13
制动 + CBS
Brake test + CBS (engine capacity ≤ 125 CC, Net power ≤ 11kw, power /weight ratio ≤ 0.1 kw/kg)
96 (4)(A)
14
防抱死系统
ABS: (other than "engine capacity ≤ 125 CC, Net power ≤ 11kw, power /weight ratio ≤ 0.1 kw/kg" category )
96 (4)(A)
15
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117 (1) & (2)
16
通过噪音
Pass by Noise Measurement
120 (1) & (2)
17
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124 (1)(18-A)
18
坡度
Gradeability
124(1)(23)
19
车辆识别代码
VIN
122(1)
20
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1) & (2)
21
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)
22
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting &   Signaling devices
124(1)(24)(b)
23
防飞溅
Spray Suppression System - verification on drawing for < 200cc
124(1)(48)
24
轻型容器
Light Weight Container (If Fitted)
123
25
文件存档要求(技术)
Documentation
-
26
扶手
Pillion hand hold
123
27
防盗装置
Anti Theft device (Type I/II)
124(1)(44)
28
电磁兼容
EMC
124(1)(21)(ii)
29
结构与功能安全
Construction & Functional Safety
124 (1)(26)
30
零部件CMVR符合性审查
Component CMVR Clearance
-
31
型号及变型证书批准
Certification per base model/variant
-
32
文件存档要求(行政)
Documentation
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
喇叭
Horns
119(1)
2
后视镜
Rear View Mirror
125(2)(a)
3
灯具
Lighting & Light Signalling devices
124(1)(32)(ii)
4
光源(灯泡)
Automobile lamps (bulbs)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(A)
卤素灯泡(单灯丝)
Halogen (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(B)
卤素灯泡(双灯丝)
Halogen (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(C)
白炽灯泡(单灯丝)
Incandescent (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(D)
白炽灯泡(双灯丝)
Incandescent (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
5
制动软管(如配备)
Brake hose (if fitted)
124(1)(2)
6
制动液(如配备)
Brake fluid*  (if fitted)
124(1)(3)
7
燃油箱(金属或塑料)
Fuel tank (Metallic / Plastic)
124(1)(25) (a)(b)
8
轮毂
Wheel Rims*
124(1)(43)
9
轮胎
Tyres
95(1)
10
动力电池
Traction Batteries
124(1)(43)
11
回复发射器
Reflex Reflector
104(4)

电自印度认证
Battery Opearted Vehicle means a vehicle adapted for use upon roads and powered exclusively by traction battery installed in the vehicle
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
车重
Weighment
2(u)
2
净功率、30分钟最大功率和30分钟最高速度
Net Power, Max. 30 min power and max 30 min Speed test
2(u)
3
物理检查项
Physical Verification
2(u)
4
制动
Brakes
2(u)
5
反射器
Reflectors
2(u)
6
前 - 白色Front - White
2(u)
7
后 - 红色Rear - Red
2(u)

摩托车ARAI认证
L5 Category - A three wheeled motor vehicle with maximum speed exceeding 25 kmph andengine capacity exceeding 25 cc if fitted with a thermic engine, or motor power exceeding 0.25 kW if fitted with electric motor.
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
排放
Mass Emission
BS-IV norms
BS-VI norms
115 (17)
2
蒸发排放
Evaporative Emission
BS-IV norms
BS-VI norms
115 (17)
3
全油门性能
Full throttle performance
BS-IV norms
BS-VI norms
-
4
拍照存档
Photographs
-
5
车重
Vehicle weighment
95
6
CMVR物理检查项CMVR physical verification93 - 125
7
制动Brake96(1), (2), (3), (4)(i), (5), 7(a)/(b), (8)
96(1), (2), (3), (4)(ia), (5), 7(a)/(b), (8)
8
车速表Speedometer calibration117 (1) & (2)
9
通过噪声
Pass by noise measurement
120 (1) & (2)
10
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124 (1) (18)
11
爬坡
Gradeability
124 (1) (23)
12
车辆识别代码
VIN
122 (1)
13
喇叭安装
Horn installation
119 (1)
14
后视镜安装
Rear view mirror installation
125 (2)
125 (2) (a)
125 (2) (b)
15
灯具安装
Installation requirements for lighting & signaling devices
124 (1) (24) (a)
16
转弯半径
Turning circle diameter
98 (2)
17
转向力
Steering effort
98 (3)
18
乘员防护
Safety measures for occupants
125 (11)
19
外部突出物
External projection
124 (1) (11)
20
加速控制装置
Accelerator control system
124 (1) (15)
21
电磁兼容
Electromagnetic compatibility
124 (1) (21) (ii)
22
雨刮
Windscreen wiping system
124 (1) (39)
23
扶手
Hand hold
124 (1) (42)
24
防盗装置
Anti theft device
124 (1) (44)
25
基本型号与变型证书颁发
Certification per base model / variant
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
喇叭
Horns
119(1)
2
轮胎
Tyres
95 (1)
3
安全玻璃
Safety glass
100 (1), (2) & (3)
4
制动软管
Brake hose
124 (1) (2)
5
制动液
Brake fluid
124 (1) (3)
6
CNG减压器
CNG regulator
124 (4)
7
LPG蒸发器、减压器
LPG vaporiser/regulator
124 (4)
8
灯泡
Bulb
124 (1) (1)
9
后视镜
Rear view mirror
125 (2)
125 (2) (a)
125 (2) (b)

10
灯具
Lighting & light signalling devices
124 (1) (32) (i)
11
回复反射器
Reflex reflectors
104 (4)
12
燃油箱
Fuel tank
124 (1) (25) (a) (b)
13
雨刮
Windscreen wiper
101 (1), (2)
14
轮毂
Wheel rim
124 (1) (43

三轮车ARAI认证
L5 Category - A three wheeled motor vehicle with maximum speed exceeding 25 kmph andengine capacity exceeding 25 cc if fitted with a thermic engine, or motor power exceeding 0.25 kW if fitted with electric motor.
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
电能消耗
Measurement of Electrical Energy Consumption
124 (1)(27)
2
续航里程
Method of Measuring the Range
124 (1)(28)
3
净功率和30分钟最大功率
Measurement of Net Power and Maximum 30 Minute Power
124 (1)(29)
4
拍照存档
Photographs
-
5
车重
Vehicle weighment
95
6
CMVR物理检查项CMVR physical verification93 - 125
7
制动Brake96(1), (2), (3), (4)(i), (5), 7(a)/(b), (8)
96(1), (2), (3), (4)(ia), (5), 7(a)/(b), (8)
8
车速表Speedometer calibration117 (1) & (2)
9
通过噪声
Pass by noise measurement
120 (1) & (2)
10
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124 (1) (18)
11
爬坡
Gradeability
124 (1) (23)
12
车辆识别代码
VIN
122 (1)
13
喇叭安装
Horn installation
119 (1)
14
后视镜安装
Rear view mirror installation
125 (2)
125 (2) (a)
125 (2) (b)
15
灯具安装
Installation requirements for lighting & signaling devices
124 (1) (24) (a)
16
转弯半径
Turning circle diameter
98 (2)
17
转向力
Steering effort
98 (3)
18
乘员防护
Safety measures for occupants
125 (11)
19
外部突出物
External projection
124 (1) (11)
20
加速控制装置
Accelerator control system
124 (1) (15)
21
电磁兼容
Electromagnetic compatibility
124 (1) (21) (ii)
22
电动车结构与功能安全
Construction & functional safety test of BOV
124 (1) (26)
23
雨刮
Windscreen wiping system
124 (1) (39)
24
扶手
Hand hold
124 (1) (42)
25
防盗装置
Anti theft device
124 (1) (44)
26
型号及变型证书批准
Certification per base model/variant
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
喇叭
Horns
119(1)
2
轮胎
Tyres
95 (1)
3
安全玻璃
Safety glass
100 (1), (2) & (3)
4
制动软管
Brake hose
124 (1) (2)
5
制动液
Brake fluid
124 (1) (3)
6
灯泡
Bulb
124 (1) (1)
124 (1) (1)

7
动力电池
Traction battery
124 (1) (49)
8
后视镜
Rear view mirror
125 (2)
125 (2) (a)
125 (2) (b)

9
灯具
Lighting & light signalling devices
124 (1) (32) (i)
10
反射器
Reflex reflectors
104 (4)
11
雨刮
Windscreen wiper
101 (1), (2)
12
轮毂
Wheel rim
124 (1) (43)

三轮车印度准入
E-rickshaw - a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for transport of passengers for hire or reward
E-cart - a special purpose battery operated vehicle having three wheels and intended to provide last mile connectivity for carrying goods for hire or reward
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
净功率、30分钟最大功率和最高速度
Net Power, Max. 30 min power and max 30 min Speed test
124 (1) Table B (5)
2
电动车结构及功能安全
Constructional & Functional Safety of battery operated vehicle
124 (1) Table B (4)
3
灯具安装
Installation requirement for lighting and light signalling devices
124 (1) Table B (3(a))
4
灯具性能
Performance requirements for lighting and light- signalling devices
124 (1) Table B (3(b))
5
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125 (2)(a)
6
喇叭安装Horn Installation119 (1) & (2)
7
扶手Requirements of Handholds124 (1) Table B (7)
8
制动Brakes96
9
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR Physical Verification
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
后视镜
Rear View Mirror
125 (2)(a)
2
轮胎
Tyres
95
3
轮毂
Wheel rims
124 (1) Table B (2)
4
喇叭
Horn
119 (1) & (2)
5
灯具
Automobiles lamps
124 (1) Table B (1)
6
灯泡
Bulbs
124 (1) Table B (3(b))
7
动力电池
Traction batteries used in battery operated vehicles
124 (1) Table B (6)

印度AIS
A Motor vehicle with at least four wheels used for carrying passengers.
M1 = D + 7(max passenger), M2 = D+8(min. passenger) & GVW < 5 Ton
M3 = D+8(min. passenger) & GVW > 5 Ton
Petrol / Diesel / CNG / LPG / Electric vehicles
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
排放
Mass Emission Test
115 (18)
2
OBD
On Board Diagnostics - II
115 (18)
3
SHED(蒸发排放)
SHED (Evaporative Emission)
115 (18)
4
实际驾驶排放
Real World Driving Emissions
115 (18)
5
电能消耗
Measurement of Electrical Energy Consumption
124 (1)(27)
6
里程Method of Measuring the Range124 (1)(28)
7
30分钟最大功率Measurement of Maximum 30 Minute Power124 (1)(29)
8
FTP测试FTP test115 (18)
9
净功率
Motor Power Test
124 (1)(29)
10
拍照存档
Photographs
-
11
车重
Vehicle Weighment
95
12
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR Physical Verification
93 to 125
13
制动
Brake test
96 (1), (2), (3), (4)(ii), (5), (6), (7) (a) & (8)
14
防抱死系统
Anti-lock braking systems
96 (4)(B)
15
备用轮胎轮毂
Run Flat Tyre/ Temporary use spare wheel
95(7)
16
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117 (1) & (2)
17
通过噪声
Pass by Noise Measurement
120 (1) & (2)
18
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124(1)(18)
19
坡度
Gradeability
124(1)(23)
20
车辆识别代码
VIN
122(1)
21
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1) & (2)
22
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)(c)
23
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting & Signaling devices
124(1)(24)
24
转弯半径
Turning Circle Diameter
98(2)
25
转向力
Steering Effort
98(3)
26
外部突出物
External Projection
124 (1)(11)
27
护轮板
Wheel Guard
124 (1)(13)
28
轮栓、轮毂盖
Wheel Nut & Hub Cap
124 (1)(14)
29
发动机罩锁扣
Hood Latch
124 (1)(17)
30
脚踏板
Foot Control
124 (1)(45)
31
最小离地间隙
Minimum ground clearance
124 (1)(50)
32
限速装置和限速功能
SLD/SLF Fitment - For Transport Vehicles Only
118
33
其他安全特性
Additional Safety Features (As per AIS 145/ 2017)
125(9)
34
雨刮
Windscreen Wiping System
124 (1)(39)
35
电磁兼容
EMC
124(1)(21)(ii)
36
儿童约束系统
Child Restraint System
125 (7)
37
转向机构保护
Requirements for behaviour of steering mechanism of vehicle in a Head On Collison
124 (1)(5)(a),(b) & (c)
38
偏置碰
Protection of occupants in the event of an Offset Frontal Collison
124 (1)(5)(a),(b) & (c)
39
侧碰
Protection of occupants in the event of an Lateral Collison
124 (1)(6) (a),(b) & (c)
40
行人保护
Protection of Pedestrian and Other Vulnerable Road Users in the event of a collision with a motor vehicle
124 (1)(6) (a),(b) & (c)
41
加速控制装置
Acclerator Control System
124 (1)(15)
42
前照灯调节装置
Installation Requirement for Vertical Orientation of Head Lamp
124 (1)(20)
43
结构和功能安全
Construction & Functional Safety
124 (1)(26)
44
视野
Field of Vision
124 (1)(34)
45
内饰
Interior Fitting
124(1)(38)
46
保险杠
Bumper Fitment
124(1)(41)
47
除雾装置
Demisting System
124(1)(46)
48
除霜装置
Defrosting System
124(1)(46)
49
防盗装置
Protective devices against unauthorised use for M and N category vehicles - Vehicle Level
124(1)(51)
50
报警与防盗装置
Vehicle Alarm Systems and Immobilizers for M1 category, and N1 category (having GVW not more than 2 ton) - Vehicle Level
124(1)(52)




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
喇叭
Horns
119(1)
2
后视镜
Rear View Mirror
125(2)(a)
3
灯具
Lighting & Light Signalling devices
124(1)(20)(i)
4
光源(灯泡)
Automobile lamps (bulbs)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(A)
卤素灯泡(单灯丝)
Halogen (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(B)
卤素灯泡(双灯丝)
Halogen (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(C)
白炽灯泡(单灯丝)
Incandescent (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(D)
白炽灯泡(双灯丝)
Incandescent (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
5
制动软管(如配备)
Brake hose (if fitted)
124(1)(2)
6
制动液(如配备)
Brake fluid*  (if fitted)
124(1)(3)
7
燃油箱(金属或塑料)
Fuel tank (Metallic / Plastic)
124(1)(7) (a), 124(1)(7) (b)
8
轮毂
Wheel Rims
124(1)(43)
9
轮胎
Tyres
95(1)
10
动力电池
Traction Batteries
124(1)(43)
11
安全玻璃
Safety Glass
100 (1), (2), (3)
12
雨刮与洗涤器
Windscreen Wiper & Washing System
101 (1), (2)
13
安全带及固定点
Safety Belt & Safety Belt Anchorages
125(1) & (1A)
14
座椅、固定点及头枕
Seat, Seat Anchorages & Head Restraints
125 (5)
15
门铰链
Door Hinges
124 (1)(16)
16
门锁
Door Latches
124 (1)(16)
17
防盗装置
Protective devices against unauthorised use for M and N category vehicles - Component Level
124(1)(51)
18
车辆报警和防盗系统
Vehicle Alarm Systems and Immobilizers for M1 category, and N1 category (having GVW not more than 2 ton) - Component Level
124(1)(52)
19
智能运输系统-零部件
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) - Component Level
125 (H)
20
三角警告牌
Warning Triangle
138 (4)(c)
21
自适应前照灯
Adaptive Front Lighting Systems (AFS), if
provided on motor vehicles of categories M and N.

124 (1)(53)
22
回复反射器
Reflex Reflector
104(4)
23
动力电池
Electric Power Train Vehicles – Central Motor Vehicles Rules Type Approval for Electric Power Train Vehicles
124 (1)(30)

中巴AIS认证
Category M2 - Motor Vehicle used for carriage of Passnegers comprising 9 or more seats in addition to driver and having a a mximum GVW not exceeding 5 tonnes (This list is only applicable for Vehicles with Reference Mass up to 2840 kg)
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
排放
Mass Emission Test
115 (18)
2
OBD
On Board Diagnostics - II
115 (18)
3
SHED(蒸发排放)
SHED (Evaporative Emission)
115 (18)
4
实际驾驶排放
Real World Driving Emissions
115 (18)
5
电能消耗
Measurement of Electrical Energy Consumption
124 (1)(27)
6
里程Method of Measuring the Range124 (1)(28)
7
30分钟最大功率Measurement of Maximum 30 Minute Power124 (1)(29)
8
FTP测试FTP test115 (18)
9
功率
Motor Power Test
124 (1)(29)
10
拍照存档
Photographs
-
11
车重
Vehicle Weighment
95
12
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR Physical Verification
93 to 125
13
制动
Brake test
96 (1), (2), (3), (4)(ii), (5), (6), (7) (a) & (8)
14
防抱死系统
Anti-lock braking systems
96 (4)(B)
15
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117 (1) & (2)
16
通过噪声
Pass by Noise Measurement
120 (1) & (2)
17
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124(1)(18)
18
坡度
Gradeability
124(1)(23)
19
车辆识别代码
VIN
122(1)
20
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1) & (2)
21
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)(c)
22
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting & Signaling devices
124(1)(24)
23
转弯半径
Turning Circle Diameter
98(2)
24
转向力
Steering Effort
98(3)
25
外部突出物
External Projection
124 (1)(11)
26
轮栓、轮毂盖
Wheel Nut & Hub Cap
124 (1)(14)
27
限速装置和限速功能
SLD/SLF Fitment - For Transport Vehicles Only
118
28
其他安全特性
Additional Safety Features (Only Rear Parking Assist)
125(9)
29
等速油耗
Constant Speed Fuel Consumption
124 (1)(31)(b)
30
内部噪音
Interior Noise
124 (1)(40)
31
雨刮
Windscreen Wiping System
124 (1)(39)
32
电磁兼容
EMC
124(1)(21)(ii)
33
加速控制装置
Acclerator Control System
124 (1)(15)
34
前照灯调节装置
Installation Requirement for Vertical Orientation of Head Lamp
124 (1)(20)
35
结构和功能安全
Construction & Functional Safety
124 (1)(26)
36
内饰
Interior Fitting
124(1)(38)
37
防盗装置
Protective devices against unauthorised use for M and N category vehicles - Vehicle Level
124(1)(51)
38
临时驾驶室
Temporary cabin fitted on drive away chassis
125 (1-C)
39
扶手
Handhold Fitment
124 (1)(42)




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
喇叭
Horns
119(1)
2
后视镜
Rear View Mirror
125(2)(a)
3
灯具
Lighting & Light Signalling devices
124(1)(20)(i)
4
光源(灯泡)
Automobile lamps (bulbs)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(A)
卤素灯泡(单灯丝)
Halogen (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(B)
卤素灯泡(双灯丝)
Halogen (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(C)
白炽灯泡(单灯丝)
Incandescent (Single Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
(D)
白炽灯泡(双灯丝)
Incandescent (Double Filament)
124(1)(1)(a) & (c)
5
制动软管(如配备)
Brake hose (if fitted)
124(1)(2)
6
制动液(如配备)
Brake fluid*  (if fitted)
124(1)(3)
7
燃油箱(金属或塑料)
Fuel tank (Metallic / Plastic)
124(1)(7) (a), 124(1)(7) (b)
8
轮毂
Wheel Rims
124(1)(43)
9
轮胎
Tyres
95(1)
10
动力电池
Traction Batteries
124(1)(43)
11
安全玻璃
Safety Glass
100 (1), (2), (3)
12
雨刮与洗涤器
Windscreen Wiper & Washing System
101 (1), (2)
13
安全带及固定点
Safety Belt & Safety Belt Anchorages
125(1) & (1A)
14
座椅、固定点及头枕
Seat, Seat Anchorages & Head Restraints
125 (5)
15
门铰链
Door Hinges
124 (1)(16)
16
门锁
Door Latches
124 (1)(16)
17
防盗装置
Protective devices against unauthorised use for M and N category vehicles - Component Level
124(1)(51)
18
智能运输系统-零部件
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) - Component Level
125 (H)
19
三角警告牌
Warning Triangle
138 (4)(c)
20
自适应前照灯
Adaptive Front Lighting Systems (AFS), if
provided on motor vehicles of categories M and N.

124 (1)(53)
21
回复反射器
Reflex Reflector
104(4)
22
反射条
Reflective Tape
104 (1)
23
动力电池
Electric Power Train Vehicles – Central Motor Vehicles Rules Type Approval for Electric Power Train Vehicles
124 (1)(30)

大巴AIS
M3 Category - A Motor vehicle used for carriage of passengers, comprising nine or more seats in addition to driver's seat and having a gross vehicle weight exceeding five tonnes.
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
定义
Definitions (Classification of the Vehicle) – M3
2
2
拍照存档
Photographs
-
3
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR physical verifications
93 to 125
4
车重
Vehicle weighment
95
5
制动
Brake test
96(4)
6
防抱死系统ABS Testing96 (5)(6)(7)(a)& (8)
7
通过噪音Pass by noise test120(2)
8
内部噪音Interior noise test124 (1)(40)
9
滑行测试
Coast down test
-
10
电磁兼容
Electromagnetic compatibility of motor vehicle
124(1) (21) (ii)
11
限速装置
Speed governor
118 (1)
12
加速控制装置
Accelerator control system
124(1) (15)
13
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124(1) (19)
14
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting & Signaling
124(1) (20)
15
前照灯调节装置
Vertical orientation for dipped beam - head lamp
124(1) (20)
16
爬坡
Gradeability test
124(1) (23)
17
防火
Flammability requirement
124 (1) (37)
18
雨刮
Windscreen wiping system
101(2) (3)
19
扶手
Hand hold
124 (1) (42)
20
防盗
Protective devices against unauthorized use for M
124 (1) (51)
21
转弯半径
Turning circle diameter test
98(2)
22
转向力
Steering effort test
98(3)
23
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117(1)(2)
24
外部突出物
External projection test
124(11)
25
等速油耗
Constant speed fuel consumption
124(1) (31)
26
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1)
27
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)
28
车架号及发动机号刻印
Embossment of the Chassis Number & Engine
122(1)
29
反光条安装
Fitment of Reflective tape
104(1)
30
柴油机排放
Engine mass emission with particulate (diesel)
115
31
II型排放测试 (OBD II)
On-board Diagnostic System (OBD II) for Emission
115
32
自由加速测试(最大烟度)
Free acceleration test (Maximum smoke density)
115
33
发动机排放 (BS VI norms)
Engine Mass Emission (BS VI norms)
115
34
发动机功率
Engine Power test
115
35
临时驾驶室
Temporary Cabin fitted on drive away chassis
125(1-C)
36
内饰
Interior Fittings
124(38)
37
后防护
Rear Under Run Protection Device
124(1A)
38
侧防护
Vehicle Lateral Protection Side
124(1A)
39
轮栓、轮盘及轮毂罩
Wheel nuts , wheel discs & hub caps
124(14)
40
大巴车窗
Bus window retention
124(1) (12)
41
大巴车身生产商授权
Accreditation of Bus Body Builders
125C (1)
42
尺寸检查-大巴车身
Dimesnional Verification- Vehicle as per bus body
125C (1)
43
物理检查项 - 电平测试
Physical Verification- Electrical Level Tests
125C (1)
44
车身结构稳定性
Body Structure Stability (as per 6.2)
125C (1)
45
车身结构计算机模拟测试
Body Structure Strength Test using Computer (as per 6.1) (Including Joint Strength Tests)
125C (1)
46
雨刮模拟测试
Wiping Test on Mockup
101(2) (3)
47
座椅固定点
Seat Anchorage Test
AIS 023
48
内部振动
Interior Vibration
125 (C) (7)
49
内部声振粗糙度
Interior Harshness
125 (C) (7)
50
加速
Acceleration
125 (C) (7)
51
最低固有频率
Lowest Natural frequency
125 (C) (7) (a)
52
物理检查项(AIS 153)
Physical Verification (AIS 153)
125 (C) (7)
53
火灾探测报警及火灾探测灭火系统
FDAS/FDSS (vehicle level)
125 (C) (7)
54
轮椅约束系统
Wheel chair restraint system
125 (C) (7) (a)
55
应急照明系统
Emergency Lighting System
125 (C) (7)
56
电动坡
Power Operated Ramps
125 (C) (7)
57
制动及车辆稳定性
Braking Performance & Vehicle Stability Function
125 (C) (7)
58
实际驾驶排放
Real Driving Emmisions (RDE)
115
59
车辆定位跟踪系统
Vehicle Tracking System
125 H (1, 2)
60
冷却性能
Cooling Perfomance test
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
座椅、固定点及头枕
Seat, their Anchorages & Head Restraints
125 (6)
a
驾驶座椅
Driver Seat
125 (6)
b
副驾驶座椅
Co-Driver Seat
125 (6)
c
乘客座椅
Passenger Seat
125 (6)
2
门锁门铰链
Door Lock/Door rentention
124 (1)Table
3
安全玻璃
Safety Glass
100 (2)
4
后视镜(外部)
Rear view Mirror (Exterior)
125(2)
5
液压制动软管
Hydraullic Brake Hose
124 (1) (2)
6
制动液
Hydraullic Brake Fluid
124 (1) (3)
7
燃油箱
Fuel Tank
124 (1) (7)
8
安全带
Safety Belt Assemblies
125 (1)
9
安全带固定点
Safety Belt Anchorages
125 (1)
10
车窗
Window Frame
-
11
车窗固定及开启
Window Retention & release
-
12
雨刮系统及雨刮片
Windscreen Wiping System & Wiper Blade
101 (2)
13
衬料
Safety requirements of Pad Material
-
14
填料
Safety requirements of Upholstery
-
15
防火
Flammability requirement (For 22 seater above)
-
16
轮毂
Wheel Rims
124(8)
17
轮胎
Tyres
95
18
尘土雨水进入
Ingress of Dust & Rain water
-
19
车身绝缘
Safety requirements of Body Insulation
-
20
空调系统
Safety requirements of AC System
-
21
回复反射器
Reflex Reflectors
104 (4)
22
火灾探测报警系统及火灾探测灭火系统
Fire Detection & Alarm System (FDAS) & Fire detection & suppression system (FDSS) - Component level
125 (C) (7) (a)
23
喇叭
Automotive Horns
119 (1)
24
灯具
Performance Requirements for Lighting & Signaling
124 (1)
25
三角警告牌
Warning Triangles
138 (1A)
26
反射条粘贴
Fitment of reflective tape
104(1)
27
车辆定位追踪单元
Vehicle tracking Unit
125 H
28
电缆及保险丝
Electrical Cables & Fuses
-
29
端子、连接器及元件
Terminals, Connectors & Elements
-
30
电气装置及布线
Safety Requirements of electrical equipments & wiring
-
31
电路图
Type Approval of circuit diagram
-
32
导线导体
Electrical Conductor Test
-
33
照明
Illumination
-

大巴ARAI
M3 Category - A Motor vehicle used for carriage of passengers, comprising nine or more seats in addition to driver's seat and having a gross vehicle weight exceeding five tonnes.
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
定义
Definitions (Classification of the Vehicle) – M3
2
2
拍照存档
Photographs
-
3
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR physical verifications
93 to 125
4
车重
Vehicle weighment
95
5
制动
Brake test
96(4)
6
防抱死系统ABS Testing96 (5)(6)(7)(a)& (8)
7
通过噪音Pass by noise test120(2)
8
内部噪音Interior noise test124 (1)(40)
9
滑行测试
Coast down test
-
10
电磁兼容
Electromagnetic compatibility of motor vehicle
124(1) (21) (ii)
11
限速装置
Speed governor
118 (1)
12
加速控制装置
Accelerator control system
124(1) (15)
13
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124(1) (19)
14
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting & Signaling
124(1) (20)
15
前照灯调节装置
Vertical orientation for dipped beam - head lamp
124(1) (20)
16
爬坡
Gradeability test
124(1) (23)
17
防火
Flammability requirement
124 (1) (37)
18
雨刮
Windscreen wiping system
101(2) (3)
19
扶手
Hand hold
124 (1) (42)
20
防盗
Protective devices against unauthorized use for M
124 (1) (51)
21
转弯半径
Turning circle diameter test
98(2)
22
转向力
Steering effort test
98(3)
23
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117(1)(2)
24
外部突出物
External projection test
124(11)
25
等速油耗
Constant speed fuel consumption
124(1) (31)
26
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1)
27
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)
28
车架号及发动机号刻印
Embossment of the Chassis Number & Engine
122(1)
29
反光条安装
Fitment of Reflective tape
104(1)
30
柴油机排放
Engine mass emission with particulate (diesel)
115
31
II型排放测试 (OBD II)
On-board Diagnostic System (OBD II) for Emission
115
32
自由加速测试(最大烟度)
Free acceleration test (Maximum smoke density)
115
33
发动机排放 (BS VI norms)
Engine Mass Emission (BS VI norms)
115
34
发动机功率
Engine Power test
115
35
临时驾驶室
Temporary Cabin fitted on drive away chassis
125(1-C)
36
内饰
Interior Fittings
124(38)
37
后防护
Rear Under Run Protection Device
124(1A)
38
侧防护
Vehicle Lateral Protection Side
124(1A)
39
轮栓、轮盘及轮毂罩
Wheel nuts , wheel discs & hub caps
124(14)
40
大巴车窗
Bus window retention
124(1) (12)
41
大巴车身生产商授权
Accreditation of Bus Body Builders
125C (1)
42
尺寸检查-大巴车身
Dimesnional Verification- Vehicle as per bus body
125C (1)
43
物理检查项 - 电平测试
Physical Verification- Electrical Level Tests
125C (1)
44
车身结构稳定性
Body Structure Stability (as per 6.2)
125C (1)
45
车身结构计算机模拟测试
Body Structure Strength Test using Computer (as per 6.1) (Including Joint Strength Tests)
125C (1)
46
雨刮模拟测试
Wiping Test on Mockup
101(2) (3)
47
座椅固定点
Seat Anchorage Test
AIS 023
48
内部振动
Interior Vibration
125 (C) (7)
49
内部声振粗糙度
Interior Harshness
125 (C) (7)
50
加速
Acceleration
125 (C) (7)
51
最低固有频率
Lowest Natural frequency
125 (C) (7) (a)
52
物理检查项(AIS 153)
Physical Verification (AIS 153)
125 (C) (7)
53
火灾探测报警及火灾探测灭火系统
FDAS/FDSS (vehicle level)
125 (C) (7)
54
轮椅约束系统
Wheel chair restraint system
125 (C) (7) (a)
55
应急照明系统
Emergency Lighting System
125 (C) (7)
56
电动坡
Power Operated Ramps
125 (C) (7)
57
制动及车辆稳定性
Braking Performance & Vehicle Stability Function
125 (C) (7)
58
实际驾驶排放
Real Driving Emmisions (RDE)
115
59
车辆定位跟踪系统
Vehicle Tracking System
125 H (1, 2)
60
CNG和LPG车辆的安全检查
Safety Checks for CNG & LPG vehicles
115 (B) (E)
61
大巴续航里程测试
Range test for buses
124(1)
62
冷却性能
Cooling Perfomance test
-




Component Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
座椅、固定点及头枕
Seat, their Anchorages & Head Restraints
125 (6)
a
驾驶座椅
Driver Seat
125 (6)
b
副驾驶座椅
Co-Driver Seat
125 (6)
c
乘客座椅
Passenger Seat
125 (6)
2
门锁门铰链
Door Lock/Door rentention
124 (1)Table
3
安全玻璃
Safety Glass
100 (2)
4
后视镜(外部)
Rear view Mirror (Exterior)
125(2)
5
液压制动软管
Hydraullic Brake Hose
124 (1) (2)
6
制动液
Hydraullic Brake Fluid
124 (1) (3)
7
燃油箱
Fuel Tank
124 (1) (7)
8
安全带
Safety Belt Assemblies
125 (1)
9
安全带固定点
Safety Belt Anchorages
125 (1)
10
车窗
Window Frame
-
11
车窗固定及开启
Window Retention & release
-
12
雨刮系统及雨刮片
Windscreen Wiping System & Wiper Blade
101 (2)
13
衬料
Safety requirements of Pad Material
-
14
填料
Safety requirements of Upholstery
-
15
防火
Flammability requirement (For 22 seater above)
-
16
轮毂
Wheel Rims
124(8)
17
轮胎
Tyres
95
18
尘土雨水进入
Ingress of Dust & Rain water
-
19
车身绝缘
Safety requirements of Body Insulation
-
20
空调系统
Safety requirements of AC System
-
21
回复反射器
Reflex Reflectors
104 (4)
22
火灾探测报警系统及火灾探测灭火系统
Fire Detection & Alarm System (FDAS) & Fire detection & suppression system (FDSS) - Component level
125 (C) (7) (a)
23
喇叭
Automotive Horns
119 (1)
24
灯具
Performance Requirements for Lighting & Signaling
124 (1)
25
三角警告牌
Warning Triangles
138 (1A)
26
反射条粘贴
Fitment of reflective tape
104(1)
27
车辆定位追踪单元
Vehicle tracking Unit
125 H
28
CNG气瓶
CNG Cylinder
115 B (Item E)
29
CNG气瓶阀
CNG Cylinder Valve
115 B (Item E)
30
CNG限压阀
CNG Regulator
115 B (Item E)
31
油气混合器
Gas Air Mixture
115 B (Item E)
32
汽油磁阀
Petrol solenoid valve
115 B (Item E)
33
CNG磁阀
CNG solenoid Valve
115 B (Item E)
34
高压管
High pressure tube
115 B (Item E)
35
低压管
Low pressure tube
115 B (Item E)
36
线束
Wiring Harness
115 B (Item E)
37
硬橡胶垫
Hard rubber for cylinder mounting
115 B (Item E)
38
限流装置(保险丝)
Current limiting device (fuse)
115 B (Item E)
39
压力指示器
Pressure indicator
115 B (Item E)
40
电缆及保险丝
Electrical Cables & Fuses
-
41
端子、连接器及元件
Terminals, Connectors & Elements
-
42
电气装置及布线
Safety Requirements of electrical equipments & wiring
-
43
电路图
Type Approval of circuit diagram
-
44
导线导体
Electrical Conductor Test
-
45
照明
Illumination
-

大巴ARAI
M3 Category - A Motor vehicle used for carriage of passengers, comprising nine or more seats in addition to driver's seat and having a gross vehicle weight exceeding five tonnes.
Whole Vehicle Technical Requirements
No.
Items (Chinese)
Items (English)
CMVR No.
1
定义
Definitions (Classification of the Vehicle) – M3
2
2
电动车CMVR型式批准程序
CMVR type approval for battery operated vehicles
-
3
功能及安全测试(电动车)
Functional and safety tests (Electric Vehicles)
124(1)26 (a)
4
电能消耗(电动车)
Measurement of electric energy consumption test (Electric Vehicles)
124 (1) 27
5
续驶里程(电动车)
Range test (Electric Vehicles)
124 (1) 28
6

最大及30分钟功率
Measurement of Max power and 30 min power
124 (1) 29
7
拍照存档
Photographs
-
8
CMVR物理检查项
CMVR physical verifications
93 to 125
9
车重
Vehicle weighment
95
10
制动
Brake test
96(4)
11
防抱死系统ABS Testing96 (5)(6)(7)(a)& (8)
12
通过噪音Pass by noise test120(2)
13
内部噪音Interior noise test124 (1)(40)
14
滑行测试
Coast down test
-
15
电磁兼容
Electromagnetic compatibility of motor vehicle
124(1) (21) (ii)
16
限速装置
Speed governor
118 (1)
17
加速控制装置
Accelerator control system
124(1) (15)
18
仪表盘标识
Tell tale symbols
124(1) (19)
19
灯具安装
Installation requirements for Lighting & Signaling
124(1) (20)
20
前照灯调节装置
Vertical orientation for dipped beam - head lamp
124(1) (20)
21
爬坡
Gradeability test
124(1) (23)
22
防火
Flammability requirement
124 (1) (37)
23
雨刮
Windscreen wiping system
101(2) (3)
24
扶手
Hand hold
124 (1) (42)
25
防盗
Protective devices against unauthorized use for M
124 (1) (51)
26
转弯半径
Turning circle diameter test
98(2)
27
转向力
Steering effort test
98(3)
28
车速表
Speedometer calibration
117(1)(2)
29
外部突出物
External projection test
124(11)
30
等速油耗
Constant speed fuel consumption
124(1) (31)
31
喇叭安装
Horn Installation
119(1)
32
后视镜安装
Rear View Mirror Installation
125(2)
33
车架号及发动机号刻印
Embossment of the Chassis Number & Engine
122(1)
34
反光条安装
Fitment of Reflective tape
104(1)
35
临时驾驶室
Temporary Cabin fitted on drive away chassis
125(1-C)
36
内饰
Interior Fittings
124(38)
37
后防护
Rear Under Run Protection Device
124(1A)
38
侧防护
Vehicle Lateral Protection Side
124(1A)
39
轮栓、轮盘及轮毂罩
Wheel nuts , wheel discs & hub caps
124(14)
40
大巴车窗
Bus window retention
124(1) (12)
41
大巴车身生产商授权
Accreditation of Bus Body Builders
125C (1)
42
尺寸检查-大巴车身
Dimesnional Verification- Vehicle as per bus body
125C (1)
43
物理检查项 - 电平测试
Physical Verification- Electrical Level Tests
125C (1)
44
车身结构稳定性
Body Structure Stability (as per 6.2)
125C (1)
45
车身结构计算机模拟测试
Body Structure Strength Test using Computer (as per 6.1) (Including Joint Strength Tests)
125C (1)
46
雨刮模拟测试
Wiping Test on Mockup
101(2) (3)
47
座椅固定点
Seat Anchorage Test
AIS 023
48
内部振动
Interior Vibration
125 (C) (7)
49
内部声振粗糙度
Interior Harshness
125 (C) (7)
50
加速
Acceleration
125 (C) (7)
51
最低固有频率
Lowest Natural frequency
125 (C) (7) (a)
52
物理检查项(AIS 153)
Physical Verification (AIS 153)
125 (C) (7)
53
火灾探测报警及火灾探测灭火系统
FDAS/FDSS (vehicle level)
125 (C) (7)
54
轮椅约束系统
Wheel chair restraint system
125 (C) (7) (a)
55
应急照明系统
Emergency Lighting System
125 (C) (7)
56
电动坡
Power Operated Ramps
125 (C) (7)
57
制动及车辆稳定性