Union Internationale des Transports Publics
Union Internationale des Transports Publics
Public Transport Standardized On Road Test Cycles (SORT)
UITP (Union Internationale des Transports Publics) is the International Association of Public Transport and a passionate champion of sustainable urban mobility. Established in 1885, with more than 135 years of history, it is the only worldwide network to bring together all public transport stakeholders and all sustainable transport modes.
Currently, the energy consumption test cycles for vehicles such as NEDC or WLTP are mainly for light vehicles, while the energy consumption test cycle and procedure for buses is the SORT published by the UITP.
Previously, the SORT cycle was mainly used to compare the difference in energy consumption between traditional internal combustion engine buses, the scope of application including buses use liquid or gaseous fuels, or non-plug-in hybrids buses. And as electric buses or plug-in hybrid buses gradually become more popular, UITP founded E-SORT in 2017, the aim of the current project “E-SORT” is to measure, in a reproducible way, the energy consumption and the zero emissions range of a bus.
The purpose of the SORT (Standardized On Road Test Cycles) published by the UITP (Union Internationale des Transports Publics) was to provide a standardized method for the public transport industry to compare the energy consumption of different buses. It is very important that bus operators get an objective information about especially the energy consumption and it doesn`t matter if we speak about classic driven or e-driven buses. Bus operators often require bus manufacturers to provide SORT test results.
The purpose of the SORT (Standardized On Road Test Cycles) published by the UITP (Union Internationale des Transports Publics) was to provide a standardized method for the public transport industry to compare the energy consumption of different buses. It is very important that bus operators get an objective information about especially the energy consumption and it doesn`t matter if we speak about classic driven or e-driven buses. Bus operators often require bus manufacturers to provide SORT test results.
ATIC can provide multi-location (test site, manufacturer’s test site) SORT or E-SORT testing and issue official test reports based on manufacturers’ requirement.
General Steps
Certification Plan
ATIC engineers will draft a certification plan based on vehicle parameters
Preparation
ATIC engineers prepare the testing according to the manufacturer’s product requirements, and assist the manufacturer to prepare and inspect the prototype
Testing
Testing and ATIC engineers provide technical support
Report
Issue a formal test report
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E-SORT Cycles
Applicable Vehicle Types of E-SORT
- Pure electric buses
- Plug-in hybrid buses
E-SORT Cycles
E-SORT cycles are the same as SORT for traditional internal combustion engine bus. The basic cycle design was defined as a combination of 3 trapezes and a stop time, each trapeze is composed of 3 sections: acceleration, constant (target) speed, and deceleration. The sequence of trapezes (sections) in one module is intended to reflect the traffic conditions of a public transport vehicle: frequent stops (either with opening of doors for boarding/alighting, or stops due to traffic conditions (traffic lights, congestion)). At the end of each trapeze a ‘stop time’ is provided, which reflects traffic dependent stops (without door opening). Each base cycle finishes with the provision of a ‘stop time’ representing passenger boarding and alighting (therefore including door opening and closing during the test).
E-SORT cycles are the same as SORT for traditional internal combustion engine bus. The basic cycle design was defined as a combination of 3 trapezes and a stop time, each trapeze is composed of 3 sections: acceleration, constant (target) speed, and deceleration. The sequence of trapezes (sections) in one module is intended to reflect the traffic conditions of a public transport vehicle: frequent stops (either with opening of doors for boarding/alighting, or stops due to traffic conditions (traffic lights, congestion)). At the end of each trapeze a ‘stop time’ is provided, which reflects traffic dependent stops (without door opening). Each base cycle finishes with the provision of a ‘stop time’ representing passenger boarding and alighting (therefore including door opening and closing during the test).
SORT Testing
SORT Cycles and Testing
3 different base cycles have been defined to represent heavy urban traffic (SORT 1), easy urban traffic, also called mixed traffic (SORT 2), and easy suburban traffic (SORT 3).
Each network will thus have to position itself in relation to the proposed cycles, and define its own weighting coefficients (which can be as numerous as the local situation requires). The consumption C can be obtained by using the formula:
C=a x C_SORT1+b x C_SORT2+c x C_SORT3.
The weighting coefficients a, b, c are up to each of the users (operators) to adapt the coefficients to their own situation and experience. It shall be noted that the sum of the coefficients must not necessarily be equal to 1.
SORT 1 (urban)：
Average speed 12.1km/h, total time 154.5s, total length 520m.
SORT 2 (mixed)：
Average speed 12.1km/h, total time 154.5s, total length 520m.
SORT 3 (suburban)：
Average speed 12.1km/h, total time 154.5s, total length 520m.
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