Europe
Europe
UN R158 Devices for Means of Rear Visibility or Detection
Research has found that more than 90% of vehicle accidents are caused by humans. In order to reduce the occurrence of accidents and casualties, the European Union has issued a series of laws and regulations aimed at protecting vulnerable road users (pedestrians, cyclists, etc.) and reducing the traffic accident rate and casualties, such as R127 pedestrian protection, R151 blind spot detection system, R152AEBS, etc.
UN Regulation No. 158, sets out the minimum technical requirements for reversing devices of Class M and Class N vehicles and the rear view and detection of the vehicle when the driver is reversing. The regulation will take effect on June 10, 2021 and will be mandatory from July 6, 2022.
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General Steps
Initial Assessment
The first application for a manufacture to an authority generally requires initial assessment. In most of the cases ATIC experts will conduct the onsite initial assessment. Some authority can exempt onsite initial assessment by accepting ISO/IATF certificates.
Information Document
According to EU/UN Regulations information document including sufficient drawings of the vehicle/component shall be prepared and submitted to technical service by the manufacture/applicant. ATIC experts also can support manufacture/applicant to prepare information document based on CAD drawings and vehicle/component specifications.
Type Testing
In most of the cases ATIC experts will witness testing in 3rd party testing lab and draft technical reports. If the manufacture is equipped with competent facilities it's also possible to make witness testing using manufacture's facility
ATIC experts will conduct lab assessment before witness testing and draft lab assessment report.
Approval
Information Documents, Technical Reports as well as other technical documents if needed will be submitted to relevant authority. Authority will review and issue type approval certificate if all the documents, tests, drawings fulfill the regulations and requirements.A typical lead-time for this review process is 4 to 6 weeks.
After the approval the CoP audit/test maybe conducted based on regulations and authorities' requirements
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Regulation Framework
Part I of R158 defines the technical requirements and type approval procedure for close-proximity
rear-view mirror as a components, Part II is for vehicles of categories M, N.
Technical Requirements
1. During a backing event at least one means of vision or awareness shall be provided to the driver.
Possible means are:
- Direct vision
- Devices approved to UN Regulation No. 46
- Close Proximity Rear-view Mirror complying with this regulation
- Rear-View Camera System complying with this regulation
- Means of Awareness provide an information other than vision for field of detection as defined in paragraphs 15.3 below. Possible means are:Detection System complying with this Regulation
2. "Backing event" means an amount of time from start and ends of reversing motion as described in 15.1.1. in this Regulation.
3. "Backing event starts" when the vehicle is in Active vehicle mode and the vehicle's direction selector is placed from forward, park or neutral into reverse by the driver or a system,
4. "Backing event ends" when one of the following forward motion conditions, at the manufacturer's choosing, is met:
- A speed ≤ 16 km/h (including 0 km/h), or
- A distance travelled ≤ 10 meters (including 0 meters), or
- A continuous duration ≤ 10 seconds (including 0 seconds), or
- The vehicle's direction selector is not placed in reverse.
Close Proximity Rear-View Field of Vision
The requirements of the regulations on the field of view are shown in figure a. The shaded part in figure a is the horizontal field of view of the observation area, and the black circle is the test cylinder. The size and illustration of the cylinder are shown in the small side picture. The detection ability is verified by using a cylinder, and the following requirements must be met.
- For the cylinders in the first row : Color block 0.15 m x 0.15 m area or the top of the cylinder shall be visible at least one position on each cylinder.
- For the cylinders in the second row and the third row:The whole cylinder shall be seen.
Figure A Close Proximity Rear-View Field of VisionThe regulations have clear requirements for the detection capability of the detection system in a specific detection area. The regulations propose two detection test methods. Due to the cost of test layout and test cycle, the simplified test method in Annex 10, 1.4. is generally used. The schematic diagram is as Figure E ,
The dots in the area are the measured objects - cylinders, and it is required that all the columns can be detected by the system in the scene layout test.
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| Figure D. Test method
| Figure E. Alternative (simplified) test method
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Vehicle Configuration
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Close-proximity rear-view device
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RVCS
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Other devices for means of rear visibility
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Devices for means of detection
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Testing Items
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Whole vehicle close-proximity rear-view field test
Dimensions
Coefficients of reflection
Curvature of mirror
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Whole vehicle close-proximity rear-view field test
Component EMC test
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Whole vehicle close-proximity rear-view field test
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Whole vehicle detection test Component EMC test
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Remark
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R158 component certificate required
R43 window component certificate required
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R10 component certificate required
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R10 component certificate required
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Type Approval Programme
Common configuration:
For the vehicles equipped with the rear parking radar and rear reversing camera or the rear parking radar and the 360° panoramic visual parking assist system, the follow test/certificate are required:
R10 certificate for the detection system + R10 certificate for the RVCS + whole vehicle close-proximity rear-view field test+ whole vehicle detection test.
Note:
Detection system: all rear detection sensors + screens/other optical/haptics/audio warning devices + other accessories
RVCS: all cameras for rear vision + screens + other accessories.
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